日本食品標準成分表2010』のPDFを.txtファイルに変換するの記事を参考に,ファイル名 “1299012_1.pdf” から “1299012_18.pdf” までのファイルをダウンロードします.PDF1ファイルの全テキストをコピーしてワークシート1枚に貼り付けのオプションでペーストします.テキストファイルウィザード1/3では元のデータ形式で『カンマやタブなどの区切り文字によってフィールドごとに区切られたデータ』を選択します.テキストファイルウィザード2/3では特に変更なく次へ進みます.テキストファイルウィザード3/3では最初のカラムの列のデータ形式のみ『文字列』に変更して完了をクリックします.この作業をPDFファイル分繰り返します.主にA列に対して若干の修正を施します.さらに Webテク実験室 からダウンロードしたブック “成分表2010.xls” のワークシートをコピーし,シート名を “Sheet0” に変更します.このEXCELのブックに “Category.xlsm” と名前を付けて保存します.
日本食品標準成分表2010の食品番号をカテゴリー分類する その1で作成した ”Sample.xlsm” ブックから ”Result” シートを “Category.xlsm” ブックに移動又はコピーします.AltキーとF11キーを押下してVBEを起動します.標準モジュールを挿入し,下記コードを貼り付けて実行して下さい.結果として “M_CATEGORY” という名のシートが生成します.
Option Explicit Sub Select_Class() Dim tmpSht As Worksheet Dim tmpRng As Range Dim tmpArray As Variant Dim workArray As Variant Dim h As Long Dim i As Long Dim j As Long Dim k As Long Dim l As Long Dim m As Long Dim n As Long Dim p As Long Dim q As Long Dim r As Long Dim RegExp_Japanese As Object Dim RegExp_English As Object Dim RegExp_ItemNum As Object Const PtnJPN As String = "[^A-Za-z0-9'\.\-\*]{2,}" Const PtnENG As String = "^[A-Za-z0-9'\,\.\-\%]+$" Const PtnItemNum As String = "^[0-9]{5}$" Dim Item_Number() As String Dim JapaneseItem() As String Dim EnglishItem() As String Dim EnglishString As String Dim JapaneseClass() As String Dim English_Class() As String Dim ClassStringEN As String Dim ItemNumArray() As String Dim ItemENGArray() As String Dim ClassArrayJP() As String Dim ClassArrayEN() As String Dim RegExp_AngleBracket As Object Dim RegExp_RoundStartJP As Object Dim RegExp_RoundStartEN As Object Dim RegExp_RoundExitEN As Object Const Ptn_Round_Start As String = "^(\(|()" Const Ptn_Round_Exit As String = "(\)|))$" Dim StringRoundEnglish As String Dim SubClassJapanese() As String Dim SubClass_English() As String Dim RegExp_Square_Start As Object Dim RegExp_SquareExitEN As Object Const Ptn_Angle_Start As String = "^[<<]" Const Ptn_SquareStart As String = "^\[" Const Ptn_Square_Exit As String = "\]$" Dim MidleClassJP() As String Dim MidleClassEN() As String Dim StrMidClassENG As String Dim SubClass_JPN() As String Dim SubClass_ENG() As String Dim mySht As Worksheet Dim myRng As Range Dim myAr As Variant Dim workArray2() As String Dim workArray3() As String Dim mySht2 As Worksheet Dim myRng2 As Range Dim myAr2 As Variant Dim CEREALS As Long Dim POTATOES As Long Dim SUGARS As Long Dim PULSES As Long Dim NUTS As Long Dim VEGETABLES As Long Dim FRUITS As Long Dim MUSHROOMS As Long Dim ALGAE As Long Dim FISHES As Long Dim MEATS As Long Dim EGGS As Long Dim MILK As Long Dim OIL As Long Dim CONFECTIONERIES As Long Dim BEVERAGES As Long Dim SEASONINGS As Long Dim PREPARED As Long Set RegExp_Japanese = CreateObject("VBScript.RegExp") With RegExp_Japanese .Pattern = PtnJPN .IgnoreCase = True .Global = True End With Set RegExp_English = CreateObject("VBScript.RegExp") With RegExp_English .Pattern = PtnENG .IgnoreCase = True .Global = True End With Set RegExp_ItemNum = CreateObject("VBScript.RegExp") With RegExp_ItemNum .Pattern = PtnItemNum .IgnoreCase = True .Global = True End With Set RegExp_Square_Start = CreateObject("VBScript.RegExp") With RegExp_Square_Start .Pattern = Ptn_SquareStart .IgnoreCase = True .Global = True End With Set RegExp_SquareExitEN = CreateObject("VBScript.RegExp") With RegExp_SquareExitEN .Pattern = "[A-Za-z0-9'\,\.\-\%]+" & Ptn_Square_Exit .IgnoreCase = True .Global = True End With Set RegExp_RoundStartJP = CreateObject("VBScript.RegExp") With RegExp_RoundStartJP .Pattern = Ptn_Round_Start & "[^A-Za-z0-9'\.\-\*]{2,}" .IgnoreCase = True .Global = True End With Set RegExp_RoundStartEN = CreateObject("VBScript.RegExp") With RegExp_RoundStartEN .Pattern = Ptn_Round_Start & "[A-Za-z'\,\.\-\%]+" End With Set RegExp_RoundExitEN = CreateObject("VBScript.RegExp") With RegExp_RoundExitEN .Pattern = "[A-Za-z0-9'\,\.\-\%]+" & Ptn_Round_Exit .IgnoreCase = True .Global = True End With j = 0 k = 0 l = 0 m = 0 q = 0 For Each tmpSht In Worksheets If tmpSht.Name = "M_CATEGORY" Then MsgBox prompt:="M_CATEGORYと同名のシートがあります." & vbCrLf & _ "処理を終了します", _ Buttons:=vbOKOnly, _ Title:="内部エラー" Exit Sub End If If tmpSht.Name <> "Sheet0" And _ tmpSht.Name <> "Sheet00" And _ tmpSht.Name <> "Result" Then Set tmpRng = tmpSht.UsedRange tmpArray = tmpRng workArray = NoCancelArray(tmpArray) For h = LBound(workArray) To UBound(workArray) For i = workArray(h, 0) To workArray(h, 1) On Error Resume Next If RegExp_ItemNum.Test(tmpArray(i, 1)) And _ tmpArray(i, 2) <> "(欠番)" Then EnglishString = "" ReDim Preserve Item_Number(j) ReDim Preserve JapaneseItem(j) ReDim Preserve EnglishItem(j) For p = 1 To 6 If RegExp_English.Test(tmpArray(i + 1, p)) Then EnglishString = EnglishString & " " & tmpArray(i + 1, p) EnglishString = Trim(EnglishString) Else Exit For End If Next p Item_Number(j) = tmpArray(i, 1) JapaneseItem(j) = tmpArray(i, 2) EnglishItem(j) = EnglishString j = j + 1 End If On Error GoTo 0 If RegExp_Japanese.Test(tmpArray(i, 1)) And _ RegExp_English.Test(tmpArray(i + 1, 1)) Then ClassStringEN = "" ReDim Preserve JapaneseClass(k) ReDim Preserve English_Class(k) For p = 1 To 6 If RegExp_English.Test(tmpArray(i + 1, p)) Then ClassStringEN = ClassStringEN & " " & tmpArray(i + 1, p) ClassStringEN = Trim(ClassStringEN) Else Exit For End If Next p JapaneseClass(k) = tmpArray(i, 1) English_Class(k) = ClassStringEN k = k + 1 End If If RegExp_Square_Start.Test(tmpArray(i, 1)) And _ RegExp_Square_Start.Test(tmpArray(i + 1, 1)) Then StrMidClassENG = "" ReDim Preserve MidleClassJP(l) ReDim Preserve MidleClassEN(l) For p = 1 To 6 StrMidClassENG = StrMidClassENG + " " + tmpArray(i + 1, p) StrMidClassENG = Trim(StrMidClassENG) If RegExp_SquareExitEN.Test(tmpArray(i + 1, p)) Then Exit For Next p MidleClassJP(l) = tmpArray(i, 1) MidleClassEN(l) = StrMidClassENG l = l + 1 End If If RegExp_RoundStartJP.Test(tmpArray(i, 1)) And _ RegExp_RoundStartEN.Test(tmpArray(i + 1, 1)) Then StringRoundEnglish = "" ReDim Preserve SubClassJapanese(m) ReDim Preserve SubClass_English(m) For p = 1 To 6 StringRoundEnglish = StringRoundEnglish & " " & tmpArray(i + 1, p) StringRoundEnglish = Trim(StringRoundEnglish) If RegExp_RoundExitEN.Test(tmpArray(i + 1, p)) Then Exit For Next p tmpArray(i, 1) = Replace(tmpArray(i, 1), "(", "(") tmpArray(i, 1) = Replace(tmpArray(i, 1), ")", ")") SubClassJapanese(m) = tmpArray(i, 1) StringRoundEnglish = Replace(StringRoundEnglish, "(", "(") StringRoundEnglish = Replace(StringRoundEnglish, ")", ")") SubClass_English(m) = StringRoundEnglish m = m + 1 End If Next i Next h q = q + 1 End If Next tmpSht Set mySht = Worksheets("Sheet0") Set myRng = Intersect(mySht.Range("A:H"), mySht.UsedRange) myAr = myRng ReDim workArray2(UBound(myAr) - 1, 16) For i = LBound(workArray2) To UBound(workArray2) workArray2(i, 0) = myAr(i + 1, 1) workArray2(i, 1) = myAr(i + 1, 2) workArray2(i, 2) = myAr(i + 1, 3) myAr(i + 1, 4) = Replace(myAr(i + 1, 4), "(", "(") myAr(i + 1, 4) = Replace(myAr(i + 1, 4), ")", ")") workArray2(i, 6) = myAr(i + 1, 4) workArray2(i, 8) = myAr(i + 1, 5) workArray2(i, 10) = myAr(i + 1, 6) workArray2(i, 12) = myAr(i + 1, 7) workArray2(i, 14) = myAr(i + 1, 8) Next i Set mySht2 = Worksheets("Result") Set myRng2 = mySht2.UsedRange myAr2 = myRng2 For i = LBound(workArray2) To UBound(workArray2) For k = LBound(JapaneseClass) To UBound(JapaneseClass) If workArray2(i, 2) = JapaneseClass(k) Then workArray2(i, 3) = English_Class(k) End If If workArray2(i, 4) = JapaneseClass(k) Then workArray2(i, 5) = English_Class(k) End If If workArray2(i, 8) = JapaneseClass(k) Then workArray2(i, 9) = English_Class(k) End If If workArray2(i, 12) = JapaneseClass(k) Then workArray2(i, 13) = English_Class(k) End If Next k For m = LBound(SubClassJapanese) To UBound(SubClassJapanese) If workArray2(i, 6) = SubClassJapanese(m) Then workArray2(i, 7) = SubClass_English(m) End If Next m For l = UBound(MidleClassJP) To LBound(MidleClassJP) Step -1 If workArray2(i, 10) = MidleClassJP(l) Then workArray2(i, 11) = MidleClassEN(l) End If Next l For r = LBound(myAr2) To UBound(myAr2) If workArray2(i, 0) = myAr2(r, 1) Then workArray2(i, 4) = myAr2(r, 5) On Error Resume Next Select Case True Case workArray2(i, 0) >= "10001" And workArray2(i, 0) <= "10278" workArray2(i, 4) = "<魚類>" Case workArray2(i, 0) >= "10319" And workArray2(i, 0) <= "10341" workArray2(i, 4) = "<えび・かに類>" Case workArray2(i, 0) >= "10342" And workArray2(i, 0) <= "10362" workArray2(i, 4) = "<いか・たこ類>" Case workArray2(i, 0) >= "10376" And workArray2(i, 0) <= "10388" workArray2(i, 4) = "<水産練り製品>" Case workArray2(i, 0) >= "11205" And workArray2(i, 0) <= "11240" workArray2(i, 4) = "<鳥肉類>" Case workArray2(i, 0) >= "11245" And workArray2(i, 0) <= "11246" workArray2(i, 4) = "<獣肉類>" Case workArray2(i, 0) >= "11247" And workArray2(i, 0) <= "11247" workArray2(i, 4) = "<鳥肉類>" Case workArray2(i, 0) >= "13001" And workArray2(i, 0) <= "13050" workArray2(i, 4) = "<牛乳及び乳製品>" Case workArray2(i, 0) >= "15001" And workArray2(i, 0) <= "15040" workArray2(i, 4) = "<和生菓子・和半生菓子類>" Case workArray2(i, 0) >= "15041" And workArray2(i, 0) <= "15068" workArray2(i, 4) = "<和干菓子類>" Case workArray2(i, 0) >= "15069" And workArray2(i, 0) <= "15072" workArray2(i, 4) = "<菓子パン類>" Case workArray2(i, 0) >= "15073" And workArray2(i, 0) <= "15085" workArray2(i, 4) = "<ケーキ・ペストリー類>" Case workArray2(i, 0) >= "15086" And workArray2(i, 0) <= "15091" workArray2(i, 4) = "<デザート菓子類>" Case workArray2(i, 0) >= "15092" And workArray2(i, 0) <= "15100" workArray2(i, 4) = "<ビスケット類>" Case workArray2(i, 0) >= "15101" And workArray2(i, 0) <= "15104" workArray2(i, 4) = "<スナック類>" Case workArray2(i, 0) >= "15105" And workArray2(i, 0) <= "15113" workArray2(i, 4) = "<キャンデー類>" Case workArray2(i, 0) >= "15114" And workArray2(i, 0) <= "15116" workArray2(i, 4) = "<チョコレート類>" Case workArray2(i, 0) >= "15117" And workArray2(i, 0) <= "15117" workArray2(i, 4) = "<果実菓子類>" Case workArray2(i, 0) >= "15118" And workArray2(i, 0) <= "15120" workArray2(i, 4) = "<チューインガム類>" Case workArray2(i, 0) >= "16001" And workArray2(i, 0) <= "16032" workArray2(i, 4) = "<アルコール飲料類>" Case workArray2(i, 0) >= "16033" And workArray2(i, 0) <= "16044" workArray2(i, 4) = "<茶類>" Case workArray2(i, 0) >= "16045" And workArray2(i, 0) <= "16049" workArray2(i, 4) = "<コーヒー・ココア類>" Case workArray2(i, 0) >= "16050" And workArray2(i, 0) <= "16055" workArray2(i, 4) = "<その他>" Case workArray2(i, 0) >= "17001" And workArray2(i, 0) <= "17054" workArray2(i, 4) = "<調味料類>" Case workArray2(i, 0) >= "17055" And workArray2(i, 0) <= "17081" workArray2(i, 4) = "<香辛料類>" Case workArray2(i, 0) >= "17082" And workArray2(i, 0) <= "17084" workArray2(i, 4) = "<その他>" End Select On Error GoTo 0 workArray2(i, 5) = myAr2(r, 6) On Error Resume Next Select Case True Case workArray2(i, 0) >= "10001" And workArray2(i, 0) <= "10278" workArray2(i, 5) = "" Case workArray2(i, 0) >= "10319" And workArray2(i, 0) <= "10341" workArray2(i, 5) = " " Case workArray2(i, 0) >= "10342" And workArray2(i, 0) <= "10362" workArray2(i, 5) = " " Case workArray2(i, 0) >= "10376" And workArray2(i, 0) <= "10388" workArray2(i, 5) = " " Case workArray2(i, 0) >= "11205" And workArray2(i, 0) <= "11240" workArray2(i, 5) = " " Case workArray2(i, 0) >= "11245" And workArray2(i, 0) <= "11246" workArray2(i, 5) = " " Case workArray2(i, 0) >= "11247" And workArray2(i, 0) <= "11247" workArray2(i, 5) = " " Case workArray2(i, 0) >= "13001" And workArray2(i, 0) <= "13050" workArray2(i, 5) = " " Case workArray2(i, 0) >= "15001" And workArray2(i, 0) <= "15040" workArray2(i, 5) = " " Case workArray2(i, 0) >= "15041" And workArray2(i, 0) <= "15068" workArray2(i, 5) = " " Case workArray2(i, 0) >= "15069" And workArray2(i, 0) <= "15072" workArray2(i, 5) = " " Case workArray2(i, 0) >= "15073" And workArray2(i, 0) <= "15085" workArray2(i, 5) = " " Case workArray2(i, 0) >= "15086" And workArray2(i, 0) <= "15091" workArray2(i, 5) = " " Case workArray2(i, 0) >= "15092" And workArray2(i, 0) <= "15100" workArray2(i, 5) = " " Case workArray2(i, 0) >= "15101" And workArray2(i, 0) <= "15104" workArray2(i, 5) = " " Case workArray2(i, 0) >= "15105" And workArray2(i, 0) <= "15113" workArray2(i, 5) = " " Case workArray2(i, 0) >= "15114" And workArray2(i, 0) <= "15116" workArray2(i, 5) = " " Case workArray2(i, 0) >= "15117" And workArray2(i, 0) <= "15117" workArray2(i, 5) = "<CANDIED FRUITS>" Case workArray2(i, 0) >= "15118" And workArray2(i, 0) <= "15120" workArray2(i, 5) = " " Case workArray2(i, 0) >= "16001" And workArray2(i, 0) <= "16032" workArray2(i, 5) = " " Case workArray2(i, 0) >= "16033" And workArray2(i, 0) <= "16044" workArray2(i, 5) = " " Case workArray2(i, 0) >= "16045" And workArray2(i, 0) <= "16049" workArray2(i, 5) = "COFFEES AND COCOAS>" Case workArray2(i, 0) >= "16050" And workArray2(i, 0) <= "16055" workArray2(i, 5) = " " Case workArray2(i, 0) >= "17001" And workArray2(i, 0) <= "17054" workArray2(i, 5) = " " Case workArray2(i, 0) >= "17055" And workArray2(i, 0) <= "17081" workArray2(i, 5) = " " Case workArray2(i, 0) >= "17082" And workArray2(i, 0) <= "17084" workArray2(i, 5) = " " End Select On Error GoTo 0 If workArray2(i, 6) <> "" And _ workArray2(i, 7) = "" Then workArray2(i, 7) = myAr2(r, 8) End If If workArray2(i, 8) <> "" And _ workArray2(i, 9) = "" Then If myAr2(r, 10) = "" Then workArray2(i, 9) = myAr2(r, 15) Else workArray2(i, 9) = myAr2(r, 10) End If End If If workArray2(i, 12) <> "" And _ workArray2(i, 13) = "" Then workArray2(i, 13) = myAr2(r, 15) End If If workArray2(i, 14) <> "" Then workArray2(i, 15) = myAr2(r, 15) End If workArray2(i, 16) = myAr2(r, 11) End If Select Case True Case workArray2(i, 0) = "14004a" workArray2(i, 9) = "Safflower oil" Case workArray2(i, 0) = "14011a" workArray2(i, 9) = "Sunflower oil" Case workArray2(i, 0) = "14011b" workArray2(i, 9) = "Sunflower oil" End Select Next r Next i ReDim workArray3(UBound(workArray2), UBound(workArray2, 2)) For i = LBound(workArray3) To UBound(workArray3) workArray3(i, 0) = workArray2(i, 0) workArray3(i, 1) = workArray2(i, 1) workArray3(i, 2) = workArray2(i, 2) workArray3(i, 3) = workArray2(i, 4) workArray3(i, 4) = workArray2(i, 6) workArray3(i, 5) = workArray2(i, 8) workArray3(i, 6) = workArray2(i, 10) workArray3(i, 7) = workArray2(i, 12) workArray3(i, 8) = workArray2(i, 14) workArray3(i, 9) = workArray2(i, 3) workArray3(i, 10) = workArray2(i, 5) workArray3(i, 11) = workArray2(i, 7) workArray3(i, 12) = workArray2(i, 16) workArray3(i, 13) = workArray2(i, 9) workArray3(i, 14) = workArray2(i, 11) workArray3(i, 15) = workArray2(i, 13) workArray3(i, 16) = workArray2(i, 15) Next i Set mySht = Worksheets.Add With mySht .Name = "M_CATEGORY" .Range("A1").Value = "ItemNumber" .Range("B1").Value = "FoodGroupNumber" .Range("C1").Value = "FoodGroupJP" .Range("D1").Value = "SubGroupJP" .Range("E1").Value = "SubCategoryJP" .Range("F1").Value = "MajorCategoryJP" .Range("G1").Value = "MediumCategoryJP" .Range("H1").Value = "MinorCategoryJP" .Range("I1").Value = "DetailsJP" .Range("J1").Value = "FoodGroupEN" .Range("K1").Value = "SubGroupEN" .Range("L1").Value = "SubCategoryEN" .Range("M1").Value = "AcademicName" .Range("N1").Value = "MajorCategoryEN" .Range("O1").Value = "MediumCategoryEN" .Range("P1").Value = "MinorCategoryEN" .Range("Q1").Value = "DetailsEN" .Range("A2:Q1892") = workArray3 End With Set tmpSht = Nothing Set tmpRng = Nothing Set tmpArray = Nothing Set workArray = Nothing Set RegExp_Japanese = Nothing Set RegExp_English = Nothing Set RegExp_ItemNum = Nothing Set RegExp_Square_Start = Nothing Set RegExp_SquareExitEN = Nothing Set RegExp_RoundStartJP = Nothing Set RegExp_RoundStartEN = Nothing Set RegExp_RoundExitEN = Nothing Erase Item_Number() Erase JapaneseItem() Erase EnglishItem() Erase JapaneseClass() Erase English_Class() Erase ItemNumArray() Erase ItemENGArray() Erase ClassArrayJP() Erase ClassArrayEN() Erase SubClassJapanese() Erase SubClass_English() Erase MidleClassJP() Erase MidleClassEN() Erase SubClass_JPN() Erase SubClass_ENG() Erase workArray2() Erase workArray3() Set mySht = Nothing Set myRng = Nothing Set myAr = Nothing Set mySht2 = Nothing Set myRng2 = Nothing Set myAr2 = Nothing End Sub Function NoCancelArray(ByRef Sh As Variant) As Variant Dim mySht As Variant Dim myRng As Range Dim tmpAr As Variant Dim i As Long Dim j As Long Dim RegExpCancel As Object Dim RegExp_Exit As Object Const StrCancel As String = "^(1\)|residues)$" Dim CancelItem() As String Dim CancelRow1() As String Dim CancelRow2() As String Dim myCancelAr() As String Dim Cancel_Array() As String Set RegExpCancel = CreateObject("VBScript.RegExp") With RegExpCancel .Pattern = StrCancel .IgnoreCase = True .Global = True End With tmpAr = Sh j = 0 For i = LBound(tmpAr) To UBound(tmpAr) If RegExpCancel.Test(tmpAr(i, 1)) Then ReDim Preserve CancelItem(j) ReDim Preserve CancelRow1(i) CancelItem(j) = tmpAr(i, 1) CancelRow1(j) = i j = j + 1 End If Next i ReDim myCancelAr(UBound(CancelItem), 1) For j = LBound(myCancelAr) To UBound(myCancelAr) myCancelAr(j, 0) = CancelItem(j) myCancelAr(j, 1) = CancelRow1(j) Next j ReDim Preserve myCancelAr(UBound(myCancelAr), 2) j = 0 For i = LBound(myCancelAr) To UBound(myCancelAr) - 1 If myCancelAr(i, 0) = "1)" Then If UBound(myCancelAr) >= 2 Then If myCancelAr(i + 2, 0) = "residues" Then myCancelAr(i, 2) = myCancelAr(i + 2, 1) Else myCancelAr(i, 2) = myCancelAr(i + 1, 1) End If Else myCancelAr(i, 2) = myCancelAr(i + 1, 1) End If j = j + 1 End If Next i Erase CancelRow1 j = 0 ReDim CancelRow1(j) ReDim CancelRow2(j) CancelRow1(j) = myCancelAr(j, 1) CancelRow2(j) = myCancelAr(j, 2) For i = LBound(myCancelAr) + 1 To UBound(myCancelAr) If myCancelAr(i, 0) = "1)" And _ myCancelAr(i - 1, 0) <> "1)" Then j = j + 1 ReDim Preserve CancelRow1(j) ReDim Preserve CancelRow2(j) CancelRow1(j) = myCancelAr(i, 1) CancelRow2(j) = myCancelAr(i, 2) End If Next i ReDim Cancel_Array(UBound(CancelRow1), 1) j = 0 For j = LBound(Cancel_Array) To UBound(Cancel_Array) Cancel_Array(j, 0) = CancelRow1(j) Cancel_Array(j, 1) = CancelRow2(j) Next j j = 0 Cancel_Array(j, 0) = 1 Cancel_Array(j, 1) = CancelRow1(j) For j = LBound(Cancel_Array) + 1 To UBound(Cancel_Array) Cancel_Array(j, 0) = CancelRow2(j - 1) + 1 Cancel_Array(j, 1) = CancelRow1(j) - 1 Next j NoCancelArray = Cancel_Array End Function